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社會功能在近20年來已逐漸成為精神分裂症個案治療成效的指標之一，對於介入目標已從改善症狀轉移到幫助個案回歸社會；但對於社會功能的成效評估仍有許多差異(Burns T. and Patrick D., 2007；Stefan Priebe, 2007)。最主要的問題是目前對於社會功能仍沒有一共同的定義，在文獻中常會將「social function」與「Social dysfunction」(an impaired ability to get along with others and function in society)、「Social adjustment」(how a person conforms to social expectations)、「Social adaptation」(one’s ability to live in accordance with interpersonal, social and cultural norms)、「Social competence」(the overall ability of a person to impact favorably on his or her social environment)、「Social performance」做混淆（Maria L. Figueira and Sofia Brissos, 2011；Donald L. Patrick, et al., 2009；T. Burns and D. Patrick, 2007），且對於social function的評估範疇及評估方式上仍難以有共識。因此在此欲嘗試彙整社會功能之定義，以幫助理解社會功能之範疇。
彙整文獻後，我將social function定義為「扮演好社會角色、調適行為以符合社會期待的能力」（Maria L. Figueira and
Sofia Brissos, 2011；Mueser, et
al., 1998；Martin Brüne, Daniela Schaub, Georg Juckel, Robyn Langdon, 2011；F. Vila-Rodriguez, S. Ochoa, J. Autonell, J. Usall,
and J. M. Haro, 2011；Sofia Brissos, Vicent Balanza´-Martinez, Vasco
Videira Dias, Ana Isabel Carita, and Maria Luisa Figueira, 2011；Paul D. Meesters, et al., 2010）。人們藉由參與相關之社會活動(social
participation)，從中與他人產生互動(social interaction)，以滿足社會角色的需求；但從事甚麼樣的事情、或是參與的程度，是會受到個人文化背景及價值觀的影響（Stefan Priebe, 2007）。社會活動都是在特定的社會情境下所產生（Mélanie
Levasseur, Lucie Richard, Lise Gauvin, and Émilie Raymond, 2010）。
Social participation含括（Carmen Simonsen,
et al., 2010；GeumSook Shim, et al., 2008；C. M. Corcoran, et
al., 2010）－
1.
Social interaction、social engagement、social relationship
2.
Work、school
3.
Leisure
work、school以及leisure為較特定之社會活動，要能從事該活動並達成社會角色需求，除了參與在該情境下的社會互動中之外，也需要有其他非社會性功能（如：按規定完成工作、能夠自己安排休閒活動）。因此若是要更全面了解其工作角色的表現，就會需要考量其他非社會性功能，而非只有社會互動的狀況。
社會技巧(social
skills)為參與人際互動所必須具備的認知、口語、及非口語能力(Smith, Bellack, and Liberman, 1996；Jodi A. Yager and Thomas S. Ehmann, 2006)。較屬於個人能力部份，對於社會功能有較直接的影響，是達成社會功能前所需具備之能力。因此應是社會功能的基礎，而非其中的一部份（Jodi A. Yager and Thomas S. Ehmann, 2006；J. Addington and D. Piskulic, 2011；Francesco Mancuso, William P. Horan, Robert S.
Kern, and Michael F. Green, 2011）。
Social skills含括－
1.
Social
cognition
2.
Communication
3.
Social
appropriateness
另外，影響其他社會功能的因素分成兩類：環境與個人因素（P.T. Yanos & R.H. Moos, 2006；Jodi A. Yager and Thomas S. Ehmann, 2006）。這兩種因素除了影響社會功能外，也同樣會影響社會技巧能力。
1.
環境－social
stigma、social support、social
network
2.
個人－
ü 個人特質: Personal trait/Coping style
ü 疾病: Symptom
ü 非社會性功能:Coping skills/Neuro-cognition/physical function/ADL/IADL/Self-efficacy
現已有許多文獻研究環境與個人因素對於精神分裂症及社會功能的相關性，這其中的影響因素可能不只是單方向性的關係，如：若是社會功能不佳，可能也會使得家人或朋友疏遠。但在此僅以social function為最主要的焦點，列出可能影響的因素。
而當有一定程度之社會功能，並且擁有足夠的社會支持，才能擁有社會滿意度(social
competence)，以達成社會健康(social health)（http://www.answers.com/topic/social-health；PROMIShttp://www.nihpromis.org/measures/domainframework3）。
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