基本上我是用Burns T. and Patrick D.(2007)在其文獻回顧中所用的關鍵字來查詢，包含［social function, social involvement, social competence, community
function, community involvement, social activities, functional status, social
engagement］，特定對象為schizophrenia；在pubmed得到的資料還是有上千筆吧，所以我又加上［definition, concept, description,
clarify］和［各種社會功能評估量表］來縮小範圍。目的是要查詢schizophrenia 中對於social function常用定義，另外想說如果在研究中有用到社會功能評估工具，或許在背景資料會提到相關資訊。
接著在四、五百篇中挑出約70篇（在摘要中有提到其研究與social function間的關聯，或重要性，或是以social
function做其中一個重要結果；對於藥物、基因、大腦結構上的研究議題會直接排除），加上之前在查評估量表時得到的38篇研究，查詢前言部分後最終也只有11篇裡面有提到對於social function的定義（總覺得CP值很低）。
以下先列出11篇文獻的整理：
定義來源
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Social function定義
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Maria L. Figueira and Sofia Brissos(2011)
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The capacity of a person to
function in different societal roles such as homemaker, worker, student,
spouse, family member, or friend.
The definition also takes account of individuals’ satisfaction with their ability to meet these roles,
their ability to take care of
themselves, and the extent of their
leisure and recreational activities
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Handbook of Social Functioning in
Schizophrenia (1998)
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defines this impairment as “the inability of
individuals to meet
societal defined roles such as
homemaker, worker, student, spouse, family
member or friend. In addition, individuals’ satisfaction
with their ability to meet these roles, their
ability to care for
themselves and the extent of their
leisure and
recreational activities are often subsumed
under the rubric of social functioning”
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Martin Brüne, Daniela Schaub,
Georg Juckel, Robyn Langdon(2011)
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Poor social functioning includes difficulties
in meeting defined social roles and expectations, impoverishment of social relationships, neglect of appropriate self-care and poor interpersonal and communicative skills.
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F. Vila-Rodriguez、 S. Ochoa、 J. Autonell、J. Usall、J. M. Haro(2011)
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The patient’s capacity to adjust to personal, family, social, and
professional needs
Includes the person’s ability to
take care of him/herself and perform socially defined roles in a
particular culture
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Sofia Brissos、Vicent
Balanza´-Martinez、Vasco Videira Dias、Ana Isabel Carita、Maria Luisa Figueira(2011)
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The capacity of a person to function
in different societal roles such as homemaker, worker, student, spouse,
family member or friend
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Paul D. Meesters, et al.,(2010)
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A preliminary review of
the literature suggested the following as critical areas of social
functioning:
Social roles, involving relationships, employment, and
residential status as outcome milestones;
Social support, as a major environmental factor;
Social skills, discerning competence and real world performance
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Carmen Simonsen, et al.,(2010)
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Psychosocial function and functional outcome are some of the terms used
to cover different aspects of daily living such as social interaction, community participation, recreation, independent living,
and employment
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Israeli Draft Board’s Assessment
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The ability to make and keep friends, social adeptness,
and ability to achieve social
closeness and functioning in
structured environments, such as school or work
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GeumSook Shim, et al., (2008)
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Social function includes communicating
with others, maintaining employment, and functioning in the community
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C. M.
Corcoran, et al., (2010)
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Social dysfunction is often
evident early in the course of the disorder (Meares, 1959), first subtly during
the pre-morbid period in childhood, expressed as difficulty in establishing relationships (Jones et
al. 1994), as well as social ‘ over-reactivity ’ (social anxiety, ‘acting out’)
in boys and as ‘under-reactivity ’ in girls (Done et al. 1994).
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Green, 1996
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The author divided social functioning into three sections, which are community outcome, social problem solving
and social skills acquisition, according to the type of outcome measures.
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紫色的字是以social dysfunction來說明。
這其中最常見的是，social function為一個人能扮演好不同社會角色的能力。社會角色包含：家人、配偶、學生、工作者、朋友、處理家務者等。而要能扮演好社會角色，就需要有能力調整自己的行為以符合社會角色的需求。對於上述能力的滿意度，也會包含在social function內。
可以藉由參與某些相關之社會活動，以滿足社會角色的需求，如：工作、從事休閒娛樂、參與社區、與他人建立社會關係，產生社會互動。因此參與這些活動的能力，以及對於該能力之滿意度，也會包含在social function內。在上面所列的定義中，獨立自我照顧也是social
function的一部分。這些活動都是在特定的社會情境下所產生的（如：文化、社區、學校、工作場所）。
另外，社會支持及社會技巧（如：溝通、社會問題解決能力），也被認為是social function的一部份。
發現自己這樣整合性的解釋social function可能有很大一部份受到OT理論的影響XD（感覺有一點Trombly的occupational functioning model的味道？）
這樣看來，social
participation反而比social function狹隘，因為social participation僅專注在「個人參與在能與他人產生互動的社會活動中」，在social function中，還要更進一步使這樣的參與過程滿足對於社會角色期待。
其實我覺得自己對於文章的篩選仍有一些主觀的想法，而使得某些我覺得不太合我意見的文章會自動刪除，像是social cognition與social function之間的關係，會較傾向「social cognition是social function的基礎而非其中的一部份」而剃除，只是最後仍有兩篇文章(Green, 1996；Paul D. Meesters, et al., 2010)對於social function的領域是較偏向social skills的；提到滿意度又會與生活品質相關，使得我又自動忽略這部分。
另外，Maria L. Figueira and Sofia Brissos(2011)；Donald L. Patrick, et al.(2009)；以及T. Burns, D. Patrick(2007)都有提到文獻中常把幾個詞與social functioning混用，如：
1.
Social dysfunction(an impaired ability to get
along with others and function in society)
2.
Social adjustment (how a person conforms to social
expectations)
3.
Social adaptation (one’s ability to live in
accordance with interpersonal, social and cultural norms)
4.
Social competence(the overall ability of a
person to impact favorably on his or her social environment)
5.
Social performance
這些也是我會忽略掉的部分。
所以總覺得這樣的解釋會有某些誤差在，但如果要繼續蒐集文獻的話又不太知道該往哪些方向可以比較精準找到我想找的東西，可能大概看個100篇我又要頭昏腦脹而只找自己看得懂的文章XD
還是可以再仔細研究量表的範疇和評估方式，來和我這個解釋做比較？
Reference：
Burns T, Patrick
D.(2007). Social functioning as an outcome measure in schizophrenia
studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 116:403–418
Carmen Simonsen, Kjetil Sundet, Anja Vaskinn, Torill Ueland, Kristin Lie Romm,
Tone Hellvin, Ingrid Melle, Svein Friis and Ole A. Andreassen(2010).
Psychosocial function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Relationship to
neurocognition and clinical symptoms. Journal of the International
Neuropsychological Society 16: 771–783.
C. M. Corcoran, D. Kimhy, M. A. Parrilla-Escobar, V. L. Cressman, A. D.
Stanford, J. Thompson, S. Ben David, A. Crumbley, S. Schobel, H. Moore1 and D.
Malaspina(2010). The relationship of social function to depressive and negative
symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Psychological
Medicine. Pp.1-11.
Donald L. Patrick, Tom Burns, Pierluigi Morosini, Margaret Rothman, Dennis
D. Gagnon, Diane Wild and Ines Adriaenssen(2009). Reliability, validity and
ability to detect change of the clinician-rated Personal and Social Performance
scale in patients with acute symptoms of schizophrenia. Current Medical
Research and Opinion. 25(2):325–338
F. Vila-Rodriguez、S. Ochoa、J. Autonell、J. Usall、J. M. Haro(2011). Complex Interaction Between Symptoms, Social Factors, and
Gender in Social Functioning in a Community- Dwelling Sample of Schizophrenia. Psychiatr
Q. 82:261–274
GeumSook Shim, Do-Hyung Kang, Yu Sun Chung, So Young Yoo, Na Young Shin,
Jun Soo Kwon(2008). Social functioning deficits in young people at risk for
schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42:678-685
Green, M.F., 1996. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive
deficits in schizophrenia? American Journal of Psychiatry 153, 321-330.
Handbook of Social Functioning in Schizophrenia. Edited by Mueser KT,
Tarrier N. Boston, MA, Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p XI
Maria L. Figueira and Sofia Brissos(2011). Measuring
psychosocial outcomes in schizophrenia patients. Current Opinion in Psychiatry,
24:91–99
Martin Brüne, Daniela Schaub, Georg Juckel, Robyn Langdon(2011). Social
skills and behavioral problems in schizophrenia: The role of mental state attribution,
neurocognition and clinical symptomatology. Psychiatry Research. 190: 9–17
N. Brill, A. Reichenberg, M. Weiser, and J. Rabinowitz(2008). Validity of
the Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 34(5):981–983
Paul D. Meesters, Max L. Stek, Hannie C. Comijs, Lieuwe de Haan, Thomas L.
Patterson, Piet Eikelenboom, Aartjan T. F. Beekman(2010). Social functioning
among older community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia: a review. Am J
Geriatr Psychiatry 18: 862–878
Sofia Brissos、Vicent Balanza´-Martinez、Vasco Videira Dias、Ana Isabel Carita、Maria Luisa Figueira(2011). Is personal and social functioning associated
with subjective quality of life in schizophrenia patients living in the Community?
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 261:509–517
Takahiro Ohno, Emi Ikebuchib, Katsuyo Henomatsua, Kiyoto Kasaia, Kazuyuki
Nakagomec, Akira Iwanamia, Ken-Ichi Hiramatsud, Akinobu Hata, Masato Fukuda,
Makoto Honda, Masaru Miyauchig(2000).
Psychophysiological correlates of social skills deficits in persons with
schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 100:155-167
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