Untangling Social Function and Social Cognition: A Review of Concepts and Measurement
Jodi A. Yager and Thomas S. Ehmann(2006)
Psychiatry 69(1),47-68
此篇研究彙整131篇文獻中關於精神分裂症者social function和social cognition之定義,內容如下:
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類型
|
定義
|
e.g.
|
Social function
|
imply overall
performance across many everyday domains (Green, 1996).
|
independent
living、employment、interpersonal relationships、and
recreation
|
Social skills
|
refers to the
cognitive, verbal, and nonverbal behaviors necessary to engage in positive
interpersonal interactions (Smith, Bellack, and Liberman, 1996)
|
Receiving、processing、and
sending skills(three–process
model(Wallace and colleague, 1980))
|
Social cognition
|
the mental
operations underlying social interactions, and is thought to represent a
specialized domain of cognition developed to solve social, adaptive problems
(Penn, Corrigan, Bentall, Racenstein, and Newman, 1997)
|
Receiving and processing skills
|
在social skill model中最為人所知的 three–process model(Wallace and colleague, 1980),特別強調人際互動中認知處理所需的技巧,包含 Receiving、processing、and sending skills :
Receiving Social
Information
|
Social Information Processing
|
Social Sending Skills
|
|
定義
|
involves the
perception and recognition of social cues
|
involve the activation
of social schemas in long–term memory
|
refer to verbal and
nonverbal abilities
|
相關名詞
|
Social cues:overt behaviors and verbal dialogue、the emotional tone and nonverbal cues that define a
situation
|
Schema(基模):由過去經驗而形成一套用來理解人事物的知識庫
Social schemas:beliefs about the self and others、procedural rules、knowledge that govern
interpersonal situations
|
Appropriate eye
contact、Speech volume and fluency、 Hand gestures、Meshing(能一來一往的對話)
|
Attributions(歸因):對於事件起因的信念
|
|||
Theory of mind:推論他人心智狀態的能力、了解他人想法及感受
|
*要有好的social cognition需要先具備足夠的神經認知能力,如:注意力、記憶力、執行功能。神經認知能力是社會認知能力的基礎,但社會認知特別強調與社會互動相關的技巧。
*環境是否提供社會互動及學習的機會(social support/social network)、汙名化、正性/負性症狀等皆會影響社會技巧及功能。
整理影響social function之因素關係圖:
在評估精神分裂症個案的社會相關能力,可能會涵蓋以上幾類的評估項目:社會認知能力、環境支持度、症狀嚴重度、在生活自理, 工作, 人際互動以及休閒的參與狀況。
類型
|
評估工具
|
Social function
|
GAF/SOFAS
Multnomah Community Ability Scale
Social
Adjustment Scale–II
Social Behavior
Schedule
Social
Dysfunction Index
Social
Functioning Scale
|
Social skills
|
PROCESSING
Maryland
Assessment of Social Competence
SENDING
Role–Play Test
Social Skills
Performance Assessment
|
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這篇能釐清社會技巧及社會支持的定義,但在社會功能的部分仍未有較具體的說明。其指出的社會功能領域與DEFINITION-social participation in the older adult中的社會活動類似,但多涵蓋了生活自理的部分,這部分會需要再釐清。

The figure looks great! It could be a preliminary framework for future research and expansion!
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