2012年8月14日 星期二

DEFINITION-social function, social skills, and social cognition in schizo

因不同族群可能有不同社會功能的定義,所以另外再尋找關於精神分裂症者之定義。找到1篇最相關的文獻回顧:

Untangling Social Function and Social Cognition: A Review of Concepts and Measurement
Jodi A. Yager and Thomas S. Ehmann(2006)
Psychiatry 69(1),47-68

此篇研究彙整131篇文獻中關於精神分裂症者social function和social cognition之定義,內容如下:
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類型
定義
e.g.
Social function
imply overall performance across many everyday domains (Green, 1996).
independent livingemploymentinterpersonal relationshipsand
recreation
Social skills
refers to the cognitive, verbal, and nonverbal behaviors necessary to engage in positive interpersonal interactions (Smith, Bellack, and Liberman, 1996)
Receivingprocessingand  sending skillsthree–process model(Wallace and colleague, 1980)
Social cognition
the mental operations underlying social interactions, and is thought to represent a specialized domain of cognition developed to solve social, adaptive problems (Penn, Corrigan, Bentall, Racenstein, and Newman, 1997)
Receiving and processing skills

在social skill model中最為人所知的 three–process model(Wallace and colleague, 1980),特別強調人際互動中認知處理所需的技巧,包含 Receivingprocessingand  sending skills :

Receiving Social Information
Social Information Processing
Social Sending Skills
定義
involves the perception and recognition of social cues
involve the activation of social schemas in long–term memory
refer to verbal and nonverbal abilities
相關名詞
Social cuesovert behaviors and verbal dialoguethe emotional tone and nonverbal cues that define a situation
Schema(基模):由過去經驗而形成一套用來理解人事物的知識庫
Social schemasbeliefs about the self and othersprocedural rulesknowledge that govern interpersonal situations
Appropriate eye contactSpeech volume and fluency Hand gesturesMeshing(能一來一往的對話)
Attributions(歸因):對於事件起因的信念
Theory of mind:推論他人心智狀態的能力、了解他人想法及感受


*要有好的social cognition需要先具備足夠的神經認知能力,如:注意力、記憶力、執行功能。神經認知能力是社會認知能力的基礎,但社會認知特別強調與社會互動相關的技巧。
*環境是否提供社會互動及學習的機會(social support/social network)、汙名化、正性/負性症狀等皆會影響社會技巧及功能。

整理影響social function之因素關係圖:
在評估精神分裂症個案的社會相關能力,可能會涵蓋以上幾類的評估項目:社會認知能力、環境支持度、症狀嚴重度、在生活自理, 工作, 人際互動以及休閒的參與狀況。

在文獻中有提及且含括在精神分裂症-社會功能量表所整理的評估工具分類:
類型
評估工具
Social function
GAF/SOFAS
Multnomah Community Ability Scale
Social Adjustment Scale–II
Social Behavior Schedule
Social Dysfunction Index
Social Functioning Scale
Social skills
PROCESSING
Maryland Assessment of Social Competence
SENDING
Role–Play Test
Social Skills Performance Assessment
因文獻特別專注在精神分裂症之社會認知及行為的評估,所以之前整理的評估工具有部分未包括在內。而在文獻中有提到但我之前未查詢到的 social function量表,Katz Adjustment Scale、Role Functioning Scale
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這篇能釐清社會技巧及社會支持的定義,但在社會功能的部分仍未有較具體的說明。其指出的社會功能領域與DEFINITION-social participation in the older adult中的社會活動類似,但多涵蓋了生活自理的部分,這部分會需要再釐清。

1 則留言:

  1. The figure looks great! It could be a preliminary framework for future research and expansion!

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